Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, are the last teeth to appear in the mouth. They usually erupt between the ages of 17 and 25, an age at which a person is considered more mature – which explains their name. Most people have four wisdom teeth, two in the upper jaw and two in the lower jaw.
Although in some cases wisdom teeth erupt normally without causing problems, there is often not enough space in the jaw for them to develop properly. As a result, they may remain partially erupted or impacted in the bone or gums.
Impacted or partially impacted wisdom teeth can cause various complications. One of the most common problems is pain and inflammation of the gums around the tooth, a condition known as pericoronitis. The area may become swollen, red and tender, and in more severe cases there may be difficulty opening the mouth or even a fever.
In addition, wisdom teeth are hard to reach, which makes cleaning them more difficult. Bacteria and food debris build up more easily, increasing the risk of decay both in the wisdom teeth themselves and in the neighbouring teeth. Gingivitis and other inflammation of the periodontal tissues may also develop.
In some cases, wisdom teeth put pressure on the adjacent teeth, causing them to shift or become crowded. Although this does not always happen, it is a common concern for patients who have completed orthodontic treatment.
Problems related to wisdom teeth are diagnosed through a clinical examination and a panoramic X-ray. This allows the dentist to assess the position of the teeth and decide whether monitoring or extraction is needed.
Extraction of wisdom teeth is recommended when they cause pain, inflammation, decay or other complications. The procedure is carried out by a dentist or oral surgeon, and in most cases recovery is quick and uneventful.
In conclusion, wisdom teeth are a common dental issue that can significantly affect oral health. Early diagnosis, proper monitoring and appropriate treatment help prevent complications and maintain a healthy set of teeth.
